Welcome to the Canadian oil sands. While this is one of the largest oil reserves on the planet, extracting the increasingly hard-to-reach resource requires substantial amounts of energy and water. Not only does that drive up the cost of production, it makes the oil sands Canada's single largest emitter of greenhouse gases (GHG).

So how can producers minimize costs, maximize profits, and stay within federal GHG emission and fresh water withdrawals targets? That's where WISE researcher Luis…